Nylon, fibrin glue and Vicryl®- the graft fixation techniques in the conjunctival autotransplant for the treatment of primary pterygium / Nylon, cola de fibrina e Vicryl® - Avaliação da fixação do enxerto no autotransplante conjuntival para tratamento do pterígio primário

Abstract Objective: to compare nylon, fibrin glue and Vicryl® in the conjunctival autograft for treatment of primary pterygium. Methods: Prospective study approved by the Ethics Committee following the Declaration of Helsinki. 89 eyes were underwent pterygium excision and conjunctival autograft. They were grouped according to the technique: fibrin glue, nylon 10-0 and 8-0 Vicryl® and followed up for 3 months. Surgical Time, intra and postoperative symptoms, biomicroscopic signs, ocular discomfort ( by Visual Analogue Scale), aesthetic appearance and recurrences (day 21, 90 and 3 years) were evaluated. Results: The operative time was shorter with the fibrin glue (p<0.001). As to intraoperative symptomatology, burning sensation predominated with Vicryl® (p=0,012). The postoperative symptoms and signs: on day 1- secretion with fibrin glue (p=0.02), foreign body sensation (p=0.017) and subconjunctival hemorrhage (p=0.022) with Vycril®; on day 7- chemosis (p=0.035), hyperemia (p<0.001) and eyelid edema (p=0.011) with Vicryl®; on day 21-foreign body sensation (p=0.001) and conjunctival hyperemia (p<0.001) with nylon; on day 90- dry eye (p=0.005) with Vicryl®. Ocular discomfort was greater with Vycril® (p=0.015) on day 7. Final aesthetic appearance was superior with fibrin glue (p=0.003). The recurrences was greater on day 90: 20,7%(nylon), 10%(fibrin glue) and 19%(Vicryl®) (p=0.496) and after 3 years: 4.8% in NG, 0% in FGG, and 5.3% in VG (p=0.536). Conclusion: Fibrin glue showed efficacy, rapidity, less postoperative discomfort and better final aesthetic appearance. Vicryl® showed significant intraoperative and early postoperative symptoms and obvious signs of inflammation, beside ocular discomfort on day 7. Nylon caused more foreign body sensation and conjunctival hyperemia until its removal. The signs of recurrence were similar among the groups.

Resumo Objetivo: comparar o nylon, a cola de fibrina e o Vicryl® no autotransplante conjuntival para o tratamento do pterígio primário. Métodos: estudo prospectivo aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética seguindo a Declaração de Helsinque. 89 olhos foram submetidos à excisão de pterígio e autotransplante conjuntival, agrupados conforme as técnicas: nylon 10-0, cola de fibrina, e Vicryl® 8-0, acompanhados por 3 meses. Tempo cirúrgico, sintomas intra e pós-operatórios, sinais biomicroscópicos, desconforto ocular (Escala Analógica Visual), aspecto estético, recorrências no 21º e 90º dia pós-operatório e aos 3 anos. Resultados: O tempo operatório foi menor com a cola de fibrina e maior com Vicryl® (p<0,001). Sintomatologia intra-operatória: a ardência predominou com Vicryl® (p=0,012). Sintomas e sinais pós-operatórios significativos: no 1º dia, secreção com cola de fibrina (p=0,02), sensação de corpo estranho (p=0,017) e hemorragia subconjuntival (p=0,022) com Vycril®; No 7º dia - quemose (p=0,035), hiperemia (p<0,001) e edema da pálpebra (p=0,011) com Vicryl®; No 21º dia - sensação de corpo estranho (p=0,001) e hiperemia conjuntival (p<0,001) com nylon; No 90º dia - olho seco (p=0,005) com Vicryl®. Desconforto ocular: maior com Vycril® (p=0,015) no 7º dia. Aparência estética final: melhor com a cola (p=0,003). Sinais de recidiva: maior no 90º dia: 20,7%(nylon), 10%(cola) e 19%(Vicryl®) e após 3 anos: 4,8%(nylon), 0%(cola) e 5.3%(Vicryl®) (p=0,536). Conclusão: A cola de fibrina mostrou eficácia, rapidez, menor desconforto pós-operatório e melhor aspecto estético; o Vicryl®, maiores sintomas intraoperatórios, pós-operatórios iniciais e sinais evidentes de inflamação, aliados ao desconforto ocular no 7º dia; o nylon, mais sensação de corpo estranho e hiperemia conjuntival até sua remoção. Os sinais de recidiva foram semelhantes entre os grupos.

Local and systemic effects of fibrin and cyanoacrylate adhesives on lung lesions in rabbits

OBJECTIVES: Tissue adhesives can be used to prevent pulmonary air leaks, which frequently occur after lung interventions. The objective of this study is to evaluate local and systemic effects of fibrin and cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives on lung lesions in rabbits. METHODS: Eighteen rabbits were submitted to videothoracoscopy + lung incision alone (control) or videothoracoscopy + lung incision + local application of fibrin or cyanoacrylate adhesive. Blood samples were collected and assessed for leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts and interleukin-8 levels preoperatively and at 48 hours and 28 days post-operatively. After 28 days, the animals were euthanized for gross examination of the lung surface, and lung fragments were excised for histopathological analysis. RESULTS: Fibrin and cyanoacrylate produced similar adhesion scores of the lung to the parietal pleura. Microscopic analysis revealed uniform low-cellular tissue infiltration in the fibrin group and an intense tissue reaction characterized by dense inflammatory infiltration of granulocytes, giant cells and necrosis in the cyanoacrylate group. No changes were detected in the leukocyte, neutrophil or lymphocyte count at any time-point, while the interleukin-8 levels were increased in the fibrin and cyanoacrylate groups after 48 hours compared with the pre-operative control levels (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Both adhesive agents promoted normal tissue healing, with a more pronounced local inflammatory reaction observed for cyanoacrylate. Among the serum markers of inflammation, only the interleukin-8 levels changed post-operatively, increasing after 48 hours and decreasing after 28 days to levels similar to those of the control group in both the fibrin and cyanoacrylate groups.

The aplication of cyanoacrilate surgical glue on skin suture in rats

Abstract Purpose: To compare the use of a new cyanoacrylate-based surgical glue and suture with sepa-rate points in skin wounds closure. Methods: Thirty-six rats were subjected to a 4cm dorsal longitudinal incision. Twelve were sub-jected to simple suture with polyamide 6-0, 12 rats underwent wall synthesis using Dermabond(r) and 12 was performed cutaneous synthesis with N-2-Butyl-Cyanoacrylate. Twelve of each group was euthanized on the seventh postoperative day, their blood was taken to biochemical tests and a layer of skin and subcutaneous tissue surrounding the surgical scar was randomly divided in two segments, to the submission of tension tests and to histological study. Results: There were no significant difference between groups (p>0.05). In the soft dermis there was more type I collagen production in group I (p<0.05), group II and III was similar re-sults (p>0.05). In the compact dermis, all 3 groups showed similar results (p>0.05). The biomechanical study was similarity between the glue groups (p>0.05) but the group III proved to be different from the others having a higher resistance (p>0.05) . Conclusion: This glue does not cause any inflammation or kidney and hepatic toxicity. Polyamide sutures are more resistant and the glue should be used alone only in less tension are-as.

Treatment of fistula-in-ano with cyanoacrylate glue with and without prior seton placement in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of ethyl-cyanoacrylate in the treatment of fístula-in-ano in rats with and without prior seton placement. METHODS: Thirty rats Wistar with fístula-in-ano produced surgically, distributed in three groups: group A (ethyl-cyanoacrylate) - treated by application of ethyl-cyanoacrylate into fístula tract; group B (seton + ethyl-cyanoacrylate) - seton placement followed by application of ethyl-cyanoacrylate into fístula tract, 30 days later; group C (control) - no treatment. After 60 days the animals were submited to euthanasia and the specimens were analyzed by pathologist. The results were analyzed by Chi-square test with significant value of p<0.05. RESULTS: One animal of group B died. Were found tracts fully healed: 7, 5 and 2, in groups A, B and C, respectivelly. There was a statistically significant difference between groups A and C (p=0.02). When joined all animals treated with glue (A + B) compared to group C there was also statistically significant difference (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The use of ethyl-cyanoacrylate glue was effective in closing anal fistulae in rats. There was no advantage in the prior application of seton.

Uso de adhesivos tisulares para el cierre de heridas en la práctica médica / Use of tissue adhesives for the wound closure in medical practice

Introducción: los adhesivos tisulares generan una película impermeable que una vez aplicados sobre la herida quirúrgica mantienen los bordes juntos hasta que se produce la cicatrización, lo que ayuda a disminuir el riesgo de infección de las heridas tratadas. Su empleo en la medicina permite simplificar procedimientos quirúrgicos complejos y brinda mayor comodidad al paciente. Objetivo: identificar los ámbitos de la práctica médica donde el cierre quirúrgico de heridas con el uso de adhesivos tisulares ofrece mejores resultados. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con un diseño de análisis de decisión, se confeccionó un árbol de decisión que comparó dos posibles alternativas: uso de adhesivos tisulares en adultos y en pediatría. La información se obtuvo de la literatura mediante la revisión de bases de datos médicas en el periodo de enero/2002 a diciembre/2012. Se identificaron 25 estudios (15,4 por ciento) que fueron válidos para estimar las probabilidades de complicaciones y éxito en el cierre de heridas. Resultados: el uso de adhesivos titulares en adultos mostró los mejores resultados con una alta probabilidad de éxito (0,99) para el cierre de heridas en piel y mucosas y especialmente en la cirugía de cabeza y cuello. En pediatría la probabilidad de éxito fue de 0,96 y su mejor uso se decidió en la cirugía de tórax y abdomen. Conclusiones: el uso de adhesivos titulares en adultos y niños ofrece una alta perspectiva de éxito para el cierre de heridas en piel y mucosas, si bien su uso en adultos es su mejor opción(AU)

Introduction: tissue adhesives generate, based on its characteristics, a water-proof film that once spread over the surgical wound, can keep wound edges together until cicatrization, all of which helps to decrease the infection risk. The use of tissue adhesives in medicine allows making complex surgical procedures simpler in addition to making the patient feel more comfortable. Objective: to identify the areas of medical practice where the surgical wound closure with adhesives exhibits better results. Methods: descriptive study with analysis decision design; a decision tree was created to compare two possible alternatives: use of tissue adhesives in adults and in pediatrics. Information was taken from literature through revision of medical database in the period of January 2002 to December 2012. Twenty five studies (15.4 percent), which were valid for estimating the odds of complications and successes of each wound closure option. Results: the use of tissue adhesives in adults showed the best results with high probabilities of being successful (0.99) in closing skin and mucosa wounds, mainly in the head and the neck. The probabilities for success in pediatrics were 0.96 and it is better used in thorax and abdomen surgery. Conclusions: use of tissue adhesives in adults and children provide high success probabilities for the closure of wounds in the skin and in the mucosa, although their use in adult people is the best choice(AU)

A fast, easy circumcision procedure combining a CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate adhesive: a non-randomized comparative trial

ABSTRACT Background Circumcision is performed as a routine operation in many countries, more commonly for religious and cultural reasons than for indicated conditions, such as phimosis and balanitis. There are many techniques available, and recently electrocautery and both Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers, instead of blades, have been used for skin and mucosal incisions. However, the infection risk in circumcisions performed using a CO2 laser was 10% higher. There are also reports of sutureless procedures using cyanoacrylate, but these have higher risks of hematoma and hemorrhage. We combined a CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate to shorten the operation time and to decrease bleeding complications. Materials and Methods : Circumcisions were performed under general anesthesia with CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate combination in 75 6–9-year-old boys between May 2013 and August 2014 only for religious reasons. As a control, we compared them retrospectively with 75 age-matched patients who were circumcised using the conventional guillotine method in our clinic. Results No hematomas, bleeding, or wound infections were observed. One wound dehiscence (1.33%) occurred during the early postoperative period and healed without any additional procedures. The median operating time was 7 (range 6–9) minutes. The conventional guillotine group comprised one hematoma (1.3%), two wound dehiscences (2.6%), and two hemorrhages (2.6%), and the median operating time was 22 (range 20–26) minutes. The difference in surgical time was significant (p<0.001), with no significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups. Conclusion The combined CO2 laser and cyanoacrylate procedure not only decreased the operating time markedly, but also eliminated the disadvantages associated with each individual procedure alone.

Uso do n-butil cianoacrilato em cirurgias da parede abdominal. Revisão da literatura / Use of n-butyl cyanoacrylate in surgeries of the abdominal wall. Literature review

O uso de adesivos teciduais à base de cianoacrilato como alternativa às suturas mecânicas tem despertado grande interesse entre os cirurgiões, pela promoção de uma adesão de qualidade dos tecidos em tempo reduzido e, ainda, por suas propriedades hemostáticas e bacteriostáticas. Neste contexto, a presente revisão discute as propriedades dos diversos tipos de adesivos teciduais e suas indicações nas cirurgias da parede abdominal.

The use of cyanoacrylate-based tissue adhesives as an alternative to surgical stapling has arisen great interest among surgeons, for promoting quality tissue adhesion in reduced time, and also for its hemostatic and bacteriostatic properties. In this context, this review discusses the properties of various types of tissue adhesives, and their indications for surgery of the abdominal wall.

Use of Bovine Pericardium and Sutureless Biological Glue in Left Ventricular Rupture After Mitral Valve Replacement, Five Years of Follow-up

ABSTRACT Rupture of the left ventricular wall after mitral valve replacement is an infrequent but lethal complication. Reporting correction technique of ventricular rupture with bovine pericardium patch secured with glue and without suturing: a 51 years-old female patient, with double rheumatic mitral lesion, severe stenosis and discrete insufficiency, who had a mitral valve replacement. During surgery, the patient presented a ventricular rupture of the posterior wall (atrioventricular disruption), which was successfully repaired using bovine pericardium with sutureless biological glue over the epicardium of the damaged area. Sixty months after surgery the patient has no symptoms.

Fixação do enxerto ósseo autógeno em bloco com adesivos a base de cianoacrilato ou parafuso de titânio: estudo histológico em coelhos / Fixation onlay bone graft with cyanoacrylate adhesives or titanium screw: histological study in rabbits

Os adesivos a base de cianoacrilato são utilizados em cirurgia oral e maxilofacial para fechamento de feridas cirúrgicas, comunicação buco-sinusal, reparo de fissura labial e osteosíntese do esqueleto craniofacial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar três métodos de fixação (etil-cianoacrilato, n-butil-cianoacrilato ou parafuso de titânio) do enxerto ósseo autógeno (EOA) em bloco. Foram realizadas ostectomias bilaterais na região parietal em trinta coelhos com uma trefina de 6mm para obtenção do EOA. Os EOA em bloco obtidos foram fixados com etil-cianoacrilato (Grupo I), n-butil-cianoacrilato (Grupo II) ou parafuso de titânio (Grupo III). Os animais foram sacrificados nos períodos de cinco, quinze, trinta, sessenta e cento e vinte dias, sendo obtidas amostras da região do EOA. As peças foram processadas em laboratório de acordo com o método histotécnico de rotina e coradas com hematoxilina e eosina. Os eventos histológicos avaliados foram: infiltrado inflamatório, reabsorção do adesivo e neoformação e reabsorção óssea. Os resultados dos eventos celulares foram submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, seguido pelo teste de Dunn para determinar as diferenças entre os grupos (p < 0.05). A análise qualitativa ordinal mostrou a presença de infiltrado inflamatório e reabsorção óssea mais significativos nos grupos I e II, principalmente nos períodos iniciais. O infiltrado inflamatório observado no grupo controle foi discreto (p<0.05). O processo de reabsorção do adesivo foi semelhante, não havendo diferença estatística (p>0.05). No período de 120 dias, foi possível observar adesivo na interface EOA-leito receptor. A neoformação óssea foi mais intensa no grupo controle e no período de 120 dias, o EOA em bloco estava totalmente incorporado ao leito receptor. Nos grupos I e II, observou-se neoformação óssea menos intensa em relação ao grupo III (p<0.05). O parafuso de titânio foi o melhor método de fixação do EOA em bloco. Entretanto, os adesivos etil e...

Cyanoacrylates are used in oral and maxillofacial surgery for closure of surgical wounds, oroantral communication, cleft lip repair, and osteosynthesis of the craniofacial skeleton. The aim of this study was compare three fixation methods (ethyl-cyanoacrylate, n-butyl cyanoacrylate or titanium screw) of autogenous onlay bone graft (AOBG). Bilateral ostectomies were made in the parietal region in thirty rabbits using a 6-mm-diameter trephine. The AOBG was fixed with ethyl-cyanoacrylate (Group I), n-butyl cyanoacrylate (Group II) or titanium screw (Group III - control). The animals were sacrificed at five, fifteen, thirty, sixty, and one hundred and twenty days, and the samples were obtained from AOBG region. The processing was done in accordance with the method histotechnical and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The evaluated histological events were: inflammatory infiltrate, adhesive resorption and bone formation and bone resorption. The results of cellular events were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s test to determine differences between groups (p <0.05). The qualitative numerical analysis showed the presence of inflammatory infiltrate and significant bone resorption in groups I and II, especially in the early periods. The inflammatory infiltrate seen in the control group was discrete (p <0.05). The adhesive reabsorption process was similar, with no statistical difference (p> 0.05). After 120 days, we observed residual adhesive between AOBG and host bed. Newly formed bone was more intense in the control group and, at period 120 days the AOBG was completely incorporated into the host bed. In groups I and II, bone formation was less intense in group III (p<0.05 ). The titanium screw was the best method of fixation of the AOBG. However, adhesives ethyl and n-butyl cyanoacrylate are viable alternative to fixation from AOBG.

Utilização do filme de quitosana na reparação de tendão em coelhos / Use of the film of chitosan in the repair of tendons in rabbits

Com este trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o processo de cicatrização do tendão em coelhos, utilizando-se no grupo tratamento o filme de quitosana, por meio de uma análise clínico-cirúrgica e histológica. Foram utilizados 12 coelhos adultos, separados em grupo controle (GC) e grupo tratamento (GT), nos quais se realizou uma secção parcial do tendão gastrocnêmio de ambos os membros pélvicos. A avaliação clínica baseou-se na presença de reação inflamatória, infecção, dor e deiscência da sutura. Para a avaliação histológica, foi realizado um estudo comparativo do processo cicatricial por meio do tipo de células, da quantidade de tecido conjuntivo e da organização das fibras colágenas entre os grupos e os momentos. Nas feridas cirúrgicas, não foram observadas secreção, dor ou deiscência. Na histologia comparativa entre os grupos, o GC apresentou melhor processo cicatricial em relação ao GT, aos 60 dias. Aos 90 dias, no GT a cicatrização já esboça recuperação do tendão, com reorganização da celularidade e das fibras colágenas no tecido conjuntivo denso modelado. Concluiu-se que a quitosana estimula rápido crescimento celular, mas de forma desorganizada, e que a cicatrização completa só ocorre após 90 dias da sua implantação no tecido...

This work aimed to evaluate the process of tendon healing in rabbits, using the treatment group in chitosan film through a clinical, surgical and histological analysis. In the experiment, 12 adult rabbits were used, divided into control group (CG) and treatment group (TG), which were held in the partial section of the gastrocnemius tendon of both limbs. Clinical assessment was based on the presence of inflammation, infection, pain and suture dehiscence. For histological evaluation a comparative study of the healing process through the cell type, amount of connective tissue and collagen fiber organization was performed between groups and times. In surgical wounds no secretion, pain or dehiscence were observed. In the comparative histology between groups, the CG showed better healing compared to TG, at 60 days. On day 90 the TG already outlines tendon recovery with reorganization of cellularity and collagen fibers in the dense connective tissue modeled. It was concluded that chitosan stimulates faster cell growth, but it is haphazardly, and that complete healing occurs after 90 days of their implantation in tissue...

Fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations are critical for fibrin glue adherence in rat high-risk colon anastomoses

OBJECTIVE: Fibrin glues have not been consistently successful in preventing the dehiscence of high-risk colonic anastomoses. Fibrinogen and thrombin concentrations in glues determine their ability to function as sealants, healers, and/or adhesives. The objective of the current study was to compare the effects of different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin on bursting pressure, leaks, dehiscence, and morphology of high-risk ischemic colonic anastomoses using fibrin glue in rats. METHODS: Colonic anastomoses in adult female Sprague-Dawley rats (weight, 250-350 g) treated with fibrin glue containing different concentrations of fibrinogen and thrombin were evaluated at post-operative day 5. The interventions were low-risk (normal) or high-risk (ischemic) end-to-end colonic anastomoses using polypropylene sutures and topical application of fibrinogen at high (120 mg/mL) or low (40 mg/mL) concentrations and thrombin at high (1000 IU/mL) or low (500 IU/mL) concentrations. RESULTS: Ischemia alone, anastomosis alone, or both together reduced the bursting pressure. Glues containing a low fibrinogen concentration improved this parameter in all cases. High thrombin in combination with low fibrinogen also improved adherence exclusively in low-risk anastomoses. No differences were detected with respect to macroscopic parameters, histopathology, or hydroxyproline content at 5 days post-anastomosis. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin glue with a low fibrinogen content normalizes the bursting pressure of high-risk ischemic left-colon anastomoses in rats at day 5 after surgery. .

Mecanismo de ação dos agentes hemostáticos locais e adesivos tissulares / Mechanism of action of topical hemostatic and adhesive tissue agents

Existe disponível, atualmente, grande variedade de agentes hemostáticos locais, vedantes e adesivos tissulares. O conhecimento do mecanismo de ação de cada um deles é primordial para a escolha do agente ideal para cada tipo de hemorragia. Os agentes hemostáticos são divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com seus mecanismos de ação: a) ativos - os ativadores das plaquetas; b) passivos ou mecânicos - promotores da absorção do sangue, aumentando o seu volume e pressionando o local do sangramento. Os agentes ativos podem ser usados nas coagulopatias, utilizam componentes do plasma humano como trombina e fibrina e, por isto, podem transmitir doenças virais e são mais dispendiosos. Os agentes mecânicos, por criarem uma barreira ao sangramento devido ao aumento de volume, não podem ser usados em áreas confinadas. Neste artigo são feitas considerações sobre as características dos vários agentes hemostáticos...

A wide variety of topical hemostatic agents, sealants, and tissue adhesives is currently available. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of each of them is essential for choosing the ideal agent for each type of hemorrhage. Hemostatic agents are divided into two groups accordingto mechanism of action: a) active, which activates platelets b) passive or mechanical, which promotes blood absorption, increase in volume, and creates pressure on the site of the bleeding. Active agents can be used in coagulopathies and use human plasma components like thrombin and fibrin. As such, they can transmit viral diseases and are more expensive.Mechanical agents, because they stop the bleeding due to volume increase cannot be used in confined areas. This article considers the characteristics of various hemostatic agents...

Estudo descritivo de cirurgia de pterígio primário com adesivo de fibrina / A descriptive study of primary pterygium surgery with fibrin glue

Objetivo: Avaliar a técnica cirúrgica de exérese de pterígio primário com adesivo de fibrina, quanto à sintomatologia e dados epidemiológicos. Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, não-controlado e aleatório com 30 pacientes do Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, concordantes com o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. As cirurgias foram avaliadas nos 1º, 7º e 21º pós-operatório (PO). Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes operados, 16 (53,3%) eram do sexo feminino, com idade variando de 21 a 67 anos (42,2). Quanto à graduação do pterígio (1 a 3): grau 1-10 (33,3%), grau 2-10 (33,3%) e grau 3-10 (33,3%), sendo 16 (53,3%) no olho direito e 14 (46,7%) no olho esquerdo. 56,7% dos pacientes afirmaram intensa exposição solar durante a vida e possuíam casos semelhantes na família. No transoperatório, houve queixas de dor (43,3%) e sensação de corpo estranho (46,7%). O tempo cirúrgico variou de 11 a 32 minutos (17,7). As queixas no 1º, 7º e 21º PO, respectivamente, foram: dor (60%, 26,6% e 6,66%), hiperemia (93,3%, 66,6% e 36,6%), sensação de corpo estranho (53,3%, 46,6% e 20%), epífora (83,3%, 43,3% e 6,66%), secreção (33,3%, 36,6% e 6,66%), ardência (53,3%, 36,6% e 16,6%) e olho seco (6,66%, 26,6% e 23,3%). 43,3% afirmaram estar muito satisfeitos com a cirurgia e 63,8% consideraram o aspecto estético excelente. Três pacientes (10%) não compareceram ao 7 DPO e 5 (16,6%) ao 21 DPO. Não houve perda do enxerto nos casos estudados. Conclusão: O transplante autólogo de conjuntiva é atualmente a alternativa mais eficaz para o tratamento do pterígio. Associado ao uso do adesivo de fibrina, que é composto de fibrinogênio e trombina e tem a vantagem de ser totalmente absorvível, apresenta vantagens, dentre elas a redução do tempo cirúrgico. Neste estudo, corroborando com estudos recentes, o tempo cirúrgico médio foi 19,05 (±6,1) minutos e houve alta incidência de familiares portadores de pterígio e exposição aos raios ultravioleta...

Objective: To evaluate the surgical technique for excision of primary pterygium with fibrin glue, as the symptoms and epidemiological data. Methods: Clinical prospective non-controlled and randomized study with 30 patients of the Hospital Universitário Lauro Wanderley, consistent with the term informed consent, approved by the Ethics in Research. The surgeries were evaluated at 1, 7 and 21 postoperatively (PO). Results: Of the 30 operated patients, 16 (53,3%) were female, aged 21-67 years (42.2). As for the degrees of pterygium (1-3): grau 1-10 (33,3%), grade 2-16 (33,3%) and grade 3-10 (33,3%), 16 (53,3%) in the right eye and 16 (44.4%) in the left eye. 56,7% of patients had intense sun exposure during their lifetime and cases in the family. In the trans-operative period, there were complaints of pain (43,3%) and foreign body sensation (46,7%). Surgical time ranged from 11 to 32 minutes (17.7). The complaints in the first, seventh and 21 PO, respectively, were pain (60%, 26,6% e 6,66%), redness (93,3%, 66,6% e 36,6%), foreign body sensation (53,3%, 46,6% e 20%), epiphora (83,3%, 43,3% e 6,66%), discharge (33,3%, 36,6% e 6,66%),burning (53,3%, 36,6% e 16,6%) and dry eye (6,66%, 26,6% e 23,3%). 43,3% reported being very satisfied with the surgery and 63.8% considered excellent aesthetic appearance. 3 (10%) patients did not attend the 7 DPO and 5(16,6%),at 21 DPO. There was no graft loss in the cases studied. Conclusion: Autologous conjunctiva is currently the most effective alternative for the treatment of pterygium. Associated with the use of fibrin adhesive, which is composed of fibrinogen and thrombin and has the advantage of being totally absorbable, has advantages, among them a reduction in surgical time. In this study, corroborating recent studies, the mean operative time was 19.05 (± 6.1) minutes and there was a high incidence of family pterygium patients and UV exposure...

Detección inmunohistoquímica del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico: revisión de algunos aspectos técnicos relacionados / Immunohistochemical detection of the epidermal growth factor receptor: review of some related technical aspects

Introducción: En los últimos años la inmunohistoquímica (IHQ) se ha convertido en el método más usado en la determinación de la expresión del receptor del factor de crecimiento epidérmico (REGF). La falta de control de algunos aspectos técnicos durante su determinación en muestras de tejidos fijados en formol e incluidos en parafina, como por ejemplo, la fijación tisular y el procesamiento de las muestras, la elección de un método adecuado de reanimación antigénica, el empleo de diferentes anticuerpos anti-REGF y sistemas de detección, a llegado a tal punto que la confiabilidad y reproducibilidad de la detección inmunohistoquímica de la sobreexpresión del REGF está siendo fuertemente cuestionada. Objetivo: La estandarización de estos procedimientos constituye una de las metas más perseguidas actualmente, con el objetivo de continuar empleando la sobreexpresión del REGF por IHQ como criterio de elección y predictor de la respuesta al tratamiento, sin necesidad de recurrir a técnicas más complejas para su detección, disminuyendo en gran medida a la variabilidad intra e interlaboratorios. Métodos: Revisión y determinación de la pertinencia en el control de la técnica investigativa y viabilidad de la misma. Conclusiones: La determinación de la sobreexpresión del REGF por IHQ continúa siendo el método más empleado actualmente como predictor de la respuesta a la terapia contra el receptor. La heterogeneidad de las muestras, la falta de estandarización de los procedimientos inmunohistoquímicos empleados, la existencia de numerosos protocolos con un mismo fin, así como otras fuentes de variabilidad, han conducido a la obtención de resultados poco confiables y reproducibles

Background: In recent years, immunohistochemistry (IHC) has become the most widely used method in determining the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The lack of control of some technical aspects during their determination in formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded tissue such as tissue fixation and sample processing, the choice of a suitable antigen retrieval method, the use of different anti-EGFR antibodies and the detection systems have come to the point that the reliability and reproducibility of the imunohistochemical analysis of EGFR overexpression is being seriously questioned. Objective: The standardization of these procedures is one of most pursued goals at present, with the aim to continue using EGFR overexpression by IHC as selection criteria and predictor of treatment response, without resorting to most complex techniques for its detection, greatly diminishing the intra and inter laboratory variation. Methods: A review and determination of the relevance in the control of the investigative technique and its feasibility was made. Conclusions: The determination of EGFR overexpression by IHC continues being the most used method at present as predictor of the response to the therapy against the receptor. The heterogeneity of the samples, the lack of standardization of the most used immunohistochemical procedures, the existence of several protocols with the same goal, as well as other sources of variability have led to obtaining hardly reliable and reproducible results

Use of cyanoacrylate in the coaptation of edges of surgical wounds / Aplicação do cianoacrilato na coaptação das bordas de feridas cirúrgicas

Cyanoacrylate has been used in several fields of different surgical specialties as an adhesive for closure of gingival flaps and in mucous and cutaneous lacerations. One of its advantages is that it has an excellent immunological response. In view of aesthetic needs, cyanoacrylate has been applied with satisfactory results, when compared with sutures. It presents better coaptation of edges of cutaneous and mucosal lesions, smaller residual scars, and biocompatibility. However, it is limited to areas of little tissue tension. This work attempts to provide a literature review with the aim of revealing the advantages of using tissue adhesives, especially cyanoacrylates, in wound coaptation in comparison with conventional methods.

O cianoacrilato tem sido utilizado em diversos campos das especialidades cirúrgicas como adesivo no fechamento de retalhos gengivais e em lacerações mucosas e cutâneas, além de apresentar uma ótima resposta imunológica. Tendo em vista as necessidades estéticas, o cianoacrilato tem sido aplicado com resultados satisfatórios quando comparado aos fios de sutura, pois apresenta melhor capacidade de coaptação das bordas de uma lesão de pele e mucosa, menor cicatriz residual e biocompatiblidade, estando limitado, entretanto, a zonas de baixa tensão tecidual. Frente a tais considerações, o presente trabalho busca desenvolver uma revisão literária, objetivando revelar as vantagens do uso dos adesivos teciduais, especialmente os cianoacrilatos, na coaptação de feridas, em detrimento da utilização dos métodos convencionais com fios de sutura.

Evaluation of the abdominal wall cicatrization of rabbits exposed to nicotine and undergone abdominoplasty using nylon thread or cyanoacrylate / Avaliação da cicatrização da parede abdominal de coelhos expostos à nicotina e submetidos à abdominoplastia, utilizando-se nylon ou cianocrilato

PURPOSE: To compare the wound healing of the abdominal wall of rabbits exposed to nicotine and submitted to abdominoplasty using 2-octyl cyanoacrylate or nylon thread for the surgery suture. METHODS: Thirty two rabbits were used. They were divided in subgroups: A1, A2, B1 e B2. Group A received saline 0.9%; group B received nicotine, both groups for 14 days before surgery. We performed an abdominoplasty with a nylon suture into the A1 and B1 subgroups; as for A2 and B2 groups the suture was performed with cyanoacrylate. The euthanasia happened in the 14th post-operative day. After, we evaluated: swollen process, fibroblast proliferation, collagen, neovascularization, and macroscope and microscope epithelization of the scars. RESULTS: We observed the presence of eosinophils in all scars exposed to the cyanoacrylate, and a significant increase of neovascularization in the subgroup B2 comparing to the A2 one (p=0.037). The other variables haven't showed any statistical difference. CONCLUSIONS: Nicotine hasn't influenced the swollen process, the fibroblast proliferation, the presence of collagen, neither the epithelialization. The neovascularization showed cicatricial immaturity when comparing group A2 to group B2. The eosinophils in the scars repaired with glue showed that the substance has acted as an allergen.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a cicatrização da parede abdominal de coelhos expostos à nicotina e submetidos à abdominoplastia utilizando 2-octil cianoacrilato ou nylon na síntese cirúrgica. MÉTODOS: Utilizou-se 32 coelhos. Estes foram distribuídos em subgrupos: A1, A2, B1 e B2. O grupo A recebeu solução de NaCl 0,9%; o B recebeu nicotina, ambos durante 14 dias do pré-operatório. Nos subgrupos A1 e B1 foi realizada abdominoplastia e sutura com "nylon"; enquanto A2 e B2 a síntese ocorreu com cianoacrilato. A eutanásia ocorreu no 14º dia do pós-operatório. Na pesquisa avaliou-se: processo inflamatório, proliferação fibroblástica, colágeno, neovascularização, epitelização macro e microscópica das cicatrizes. RESULTADOS: Observou-se presença de eosinofilia em todas as cicatrizes expostas ao cianoacrilato, e aumento significativo da neovascularização no subgrupo B2 em comparação com o A2 (p=0,037). Demais variáveis não apresentaram diferença estatística. CONCLUSÕES: A nicotina não influenciou o processo inflamatório, a proliferação fibroblástica, a presença de colágeno e a epitelização. A neovascularização indicou imaturidade cicatricial na comparação dos grupos A2 e B2. A eosinofilia nas cicatrizes reparadas com cola indica que a substância atuou como alergeno.

Comparative study between fibrin glue and platelet rich plasma in dogs skin grafts / Estudo comparativo entre a cola de fibrina e o plasma rico em plaquetas em enxertos cutâneos em cães

PURPOSE: Compare fibrin glue (Tissucol®) and platelet-rich plasma in full-thickness mesh skin grafts in dogs. METHODS: Eighteen dogs were used, divided into two groups: fibrin glue (FG) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In all the animals, a full-thickness 3x3 cm mesh skin graft was implanted. In the left limb, the biomaterial was place between the graft and the receptor bed, according to the group, while the right limb served as the control group. All the animals were evaluated clinically every 48 hours until the 14th day, using the variables of exudation, coloration, edema and cosmetic appearance. Three animals were evaluated histologically, on the third, seventh and tenth postoperative days, using the variables of fibroblasts, collagen, granulation tissue, microscopic integration-adherence and acute inflammation. RESULTS: Clinical evaluations showed that the group CF showed better scores for all variables compared to PRP group. On the histological evaluations PRP group had a higher presence of fibroblasts in the seventh and fourteenth days. CONCLUSION: The fibrin glue group was clinically superior to the platelet-rich group when used on full-thickness skin grafts in dogs.

OBJETIVO: Comparar a cola de fibrina (Tissucol®) e o plasma rico em plaquetas em enxertos cutâneos de espessura completa em malha em cães. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 cães, distribuídos em dois grupos, cola de fibrina (CF) e plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP). Em todos os animais foi realizado um enxerto cutâneo de 3x3 cm, em malha de espessura completa. No membro esquerdo foi colocado o biomaterial entre o enxerto e o leito receptor, cada qual em seu grupo, o membro direito serviu como grupo controle. Todos os animais foram avaliados clinicamente a cada 48 horas até o décimo quarto dia, através das variáveis: exsudação, coloração, edema e aspecto cosmético; histologicamente em três animais, no terceiro, sétimo e décimo quarto dia de pós-operatório através das variáveis: fibroblastos, colágeno, tecido de granulação, integração-aderência microscópica e inflamação aguda. RESULTADOS: Avaliações clínicas demonstraram que o grupo CF apresentou melhor escores em todas variáveis quando comparado com o grupo PRP. Nas avaliações histológicas o grupo PRP apresentou maior presença de fibroblastos ao sétimo e décimo quarto dia. CONCLUSÃO: A cola de fibrina foi clinicamente superior ao grupo plasma rico em plaquetas quando usados em enxertos cutâneos de espessura completa em cães.

Repair of cutaneous wounds with the use of low cost surgical glue / Reparo de feridas cutâneas usando cola cirúrgica de baixo custo

BACKGROUND: The advantages of the cyanoacrylates in cutaneous synthesis have been often demonstrated in the literature. However, these products have been underutilized in Brazil due to the high costs of the 2-octil-cyanoacrylate. Besides, few studies have been done with the more economically accessible form, the 2-etil-cyanoacrylate, as a cutaneous tissue adhesive. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the closing of cutaneous lesions using ECA. METHOD: This was a prospective study in which 46 wounds were occluded using the low cost ECA as an alternative to intradermal suture. RESULTS: Excisions (97,8%) and traumatic wounds (2,2%) were treated with 2-etil-cyanoacrylate and deep relaxed sutures as synthesis method. Unaesthetic scars (22%), infection (2,1%), dehiscence (2,1%) and contact allergic dermatitis (2,1%) were the problems we found. There were no cases of necrosis or keloids. The results were considered satisfactory in most cases (97,3%). CONCLUSION: The use of 2-etil-cyanoacrylate was shown to be safe and with satisfactory cosmetic results in this group of patients.

FUNDAMENTOS: As vantagens dos cianoacrilatos em síntese cutânea têm sido sobejamente mostradas na literatura. Entretanto, estes produtos têm sido subutilizados no Brazil devido aos elevados custos do 2-octilcianoacrilato. Ademais, a forma mais economicamente acessível, o 2-etilcianoacrilato, tem sido pouco estudada como adesivo cutâneo. OBJETIVO: Avaliação da eficácia do fechamento de lesões cutâneas usando o 2-etilcianoacrilato. MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo no qual 46 feridas foram ocluídas usando o 2-etilcianoacrilato de baixo custo como alternativa a sutura intradérmica. RESULTADOS: Feridas excisionais (97,8%) e traumática (2,2%) foram tratadas com 2-etilcianoacrilato e suturas profundas relaxadoras como método de síntese. Cicatrizes inestéticas (22%), infecção (2,1%), deiscência (2,1%) e dermatite alérgica de contato (2,1%) foram os problemas encontrados. Não houve casos de necrose ou quelóides. Os resultados foram considerados satisfatórios na grande maioria dos casos (97,3%). CONCLUSÕES: O uso do ECA mostrou-se seguro e com resultados cosméticos satisfatórios neste grupo de pacientes.

Nerve growth factor with fibrin glue in end-to-side nerve repair in rats / Fator de crescimento nervoso em cola de fibrina no reparo término-lateral de nervos em ratos

PURPOSE: To determine the effects of end-to-side nerve repair performed only with fibrin glue containing nerve growth in rats. METHODS: Seventy two Wistar rats were divided into six equal groups: group A was not submitted to nerve section; group B was submitted to nerve fibular section only. The others groups had the nerve fibular sectioned and then repaired in the lateral surface of an intact tibial nerve, with different procedures: group C: ETS with sutures; group D: ETS with sutures and NGF; group E: ETS with FG only; group F: ETS with FG containing NGF. The motor function was accompanied and the tibial muscle mass, the number and diameter of muscular fibers and regenerated axons were measured. RESULTS: All the analyzed variables did not show any differences among the four operated groups (p>0.05), which were statistically superior to group B (p<0.05), but inferior to group A (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The end-to-side nerve repair presented the same recovery pattern, independent from the repair used, showing that the addition of nerve growth factor in fibrin glue was not enough for the results potentiating.

OBJETIVO: Determinar os efeitos do reparo nervoso término-lateral realizado apenas com cola de fibrina contendo fator de crescimento nervoso em ratos. MÉTODOS: Setenta e dois ratos Wistar foram distribuídos em seis grupos: A - não submetido à secção nervosa; B - secção do nervo fibular (sem reparo); Os outros grupos tiveram o nervo fibular seccionado e então reparado na superfície lateral do nervo tibial intacto, com diferentes procedimentos: C - RNTL com suturas; D - RNTL com suturas e FCN; E - RNTL apenas com CF; F - RNTL com CF contendo FCN. A função motora foi acompanhada e a massa do músculo tibial, o número e o diâmetro das fibras musculares e axônios regenerados foram medidos. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre as variáveis avaliadas nos quatro grupos operados (p>0,05), os quais foram superiores ao grupo B (p<0,05), mas inferiores ao grupo A (p>0,05). CONCLUSÕES: O reparo nervoso término-lateral mostrou o mesmo padrão de recuperação, independente do tipo de reparo utilizado, evidenciando que a adição de fator de crescimento nervoso na cola de fibrina não foi suficiente para a potencialização dos resultados.